OT Names for God
EL, ELOAH [el, el-oh-ah]: God "mighty, strong, prominent" (Nehemiah 9:17; Psalm 139:19) – etymologically, El appears to mean
“power” and “might” (Genesis 31:29). El is
associated with other qualities, such as integrity (Numbers 23:19), jealousy (Deuteronomy 5:9), and compassion (Nehemiah 9:31), but the root idea of “might” remains.
ELOHIM [el-oh-heem]: God “Creator, Mighty and Strong” (Genesis 17:7; Jeremiah 31:33) – the plural form of Eloah, which accommodates the doctrine of the Trinity. From the Bible’s first sentence, the superlative nature of God’s power is evident as God (Elohim) speaks the world into existence (Genesis 1:1).
EL SHADDAI [el-shah-dahy]: “God Almighty,” “The Mighty One of Jacob” (Genesis 49:24; Psalm 132:2,5) – speaks to God’s ultimate power over all.
ADONAI [ah-daw-nahy]: “Lord” (Genesis 15:2; Judges 6:15) – used in place of YHWH, which was thought by the Jews to be too sacred to be uttered by sinful men. In the Old Testament, YHWH is more often used in God’s dealings with His people, while Adonai is used more when He deals with the Gentiles.
YHWH / YAHWEH / JEHOVAH [yah-way / ji-hoh-veh]: “LORD” (Deuteronomy 6:4; Daniel 9:14) – strictly speaking, the only proper name for God. Translated in English Bibles “LORD” (all capitals) to distinguish it from Adonai, “Lord.” The revelation of the name is first given to Moses “I Am who I Am” (Exodus 3:14). This name specifies an immediacy, a presence. Yahweh is present, accessible, near to those who call on Him for deliverance (Psalm 107:13), forgiveness (Psalm 25:11) and guidance (Psalm 31:3).
YAHWEH-JIREH [yah-way-ji-reh]: "The Lord Will Provide" (Genesis 22:14) – the name memorialized by Abraham when God provided the ram to be sacrificed in place of Isaac.
YAHWEH-RAPHA [yah-way-raw-faw]: "The Lord Who Heals" (Exodus 15:26) – “I am Jehovah who heals you” both in body and soul. In body, by preserving from and curing diseases, and in soul, by pardoning iniquities.
YAHWEH-NISSI [yah-way-nee-see]: "The Lord Our Banner" (Exodus 17:15), where banner is understood to be a rallying place. This name commemorates the desert victory over the Amalekites in Exodus 17.
YAHWEH-M'KADDESH [yah-way-meh-kad-esh]: "The Lord Who Sanctifies, Makes Holy" (Leviticus 20:8; Ezekiel 37:28) – God makes it clear that He alone, not the law, can cleanse His people and make them holy.
YAHWEH-SHALOM [yah-way-shah-lohm]: "The Lord Our Peace" (Judges 6:24) – the name given by Gideon to the altar he built after the Angel of the Lord assured him he would not die as he thought he would after seeing Him.
YAHWEH-ELOHIM [yah-way-el-oh-him]: "LORD God" (Genesis 2:4; Psalm 59:5) – a combination of God’s unique name YHWH and the generic “Lord,” signifying that He is the Lord of Lords.
YAHWEH-TSIDKENU [yah-way-tzid-kay-noo]: "The Lord Our Righteousness” (Jeremiah 33:16) – As with YHWH-M’Kaddesh, it is God alone who provides righteousness (from the Hebrew word tsidkenu) to man, ultimately in the person of His Son, Jesus Christ, who became sin for us “that we might become the Righteousness of God in Him” (2 Corinthians 5:21).
YAHWEH-ROHI [yah-way-roh-hee]: "The Lord Our Shepherd" (Psalm 23:1) – After David pondered his relationship as a shepherd to his sheep, he realized that was exactly the relationship God had with him, and so he declares, “Yahweh-Rohi is my Shepherd. I shall not want” (Psalm 23:1).
YAHWEH-SHAMMAH [yah-way-sham-mahw]: "The Lord Is There” (Ezekiel 48:35) – the name ascribed to Jerusalem and the Temple there, indicating that the once-departed glory of the Lord (Ezekiel 8—11) had returned (Ezekiel 44:1-4).
YAHWEH-SABAOTH [yah-way-sah-bah-ohth]: "The Lord of Hosts" (Isaiah 1:24; Psalm 46:7) – Hosts means “hordes, or armies” both of angels and of men. He is Lord of the host of heaven and of the inhabitants of the earth, of Jews and Gentiles, of rich and poor, master and slave. The name is expressive of the majesty, power, and authority of God and shows that He is able to accomplish what He determines to do.
EL ELYON [el-el-yohn]: “Most High" (Deuteronomy 26:19) – derived from the Hebrew root for “go up” or “ascend,” so the implication is of that which is the very highest. El Elyon denotes exaltation and speaks of absolute right to lordship.
EL ROI [el-roh-ee]: "God of Seeing" (Genesis 16:13) – the name ascribed to God by Hagar, alone and desperate in the wilderness after being driven out by Sarah (Genesis 16:1-14). When Hagar met the Angel of the Lord, she realized she had seen God Himself in a theophany. She also realized that El Roi saw her in her distress and testified that He is a God who lives and sees all.
EL-OLAM [el-oh-lahm]: "Everlasting God" (Psalm 90:1-3) – God’s nature is without beginning or end, free from all constraints of time, and He contains within Himself the very cause of time itself. “From everlasting to everlasting, You are God.”
EL-GIBHOR [el-ghee-bohr]: “Mighty God” (Isaiah 9:6) – the name describing the Messiah, Christ Jesus, in this prophetic portion of Isaiah. As a powerful and mighty warrior, the Messiah, the Mighty God, will accomplish the destruction of God’s enemies and rule with a rod of iron (Revelation 19:15).
ELOHIM [el-oh-heem]: God “Creator, Mighty and Strong” (Genesis 17:7; Jeremiah 31:33) – the plural form of Eloah, which accommodates the doctrine of the Trinity. From the Bible’s first sentence, the superlative nature of God’s power is evident as God (Elohim) speaks the world into existence (Genesis 1:1).
EL SHADDAI [el-shah-dahy]: “God Almighty,” “The Mighty One of Jacob” (Genesis 49:24; Psalm 132:2,5) – speaks to God’s ultimate power over all.
ADONAI [ah-daw-nahy]: “Lord” (Genesis 15:2; Judges 6:15) – used in place of YHWH, which was thought by the Jews to be too sacred to be uttered by sinful men. In the Old Testament, YHWH is more often used in God’s dealings with His people, while Adonai is used more when He deals with the Gentiles.
YHWH / YAHWEH / JEHOVAH [yah-way / ji-hoh-veh]: “LORD” (Deuteronomy 6:4; Daniel 9:14) – strictly speaking, the only proper name for God. Translated in English Bibles “LORD” (all capitals) to distinguish it from Adonai, “Lord.” The revelation of the name is first given to Moses “I Am who I Am” (Exodus 3:14). This name specifies an immediacy, a presence. Yahweh is present, accessible, near to those who call on Him for deliverance (Psalm 107:13), forgiveness (Psalm 25:11) and guidance (Psalm 31:3).
YAHWEH-JIREH [yah-way-ji-reh]: "The Lord Will Provide" (Genesis 22:14) – the name memorialized by Abraham when God provided the ram to be sacrificed in place of Isaac.
YAHWEH-RAPHA [yah-way-raw-faw]: "The Lord Who Heals" (Exodus 15:26) – “I am Jehovah who heals you” both in body and soul. In body, by preserving from and curing diseases, and in soul, by pardoning iniquities.
YAHWEH-NISSI [yah-way-nee-see]: "The Lord Our Banner" (Exodus 17:15), where banner is understood to be a rallying place. This name commemorates the desert victory over the Amalekites in Exodus 17.
YAHWEH-M'KADDESH [yah-way-meh-kad-esh]: "The Lord Who Sanctifies, Makes Holy" (Leviticus 20:8; Ezekiel 37:28) – God makes it clear that He alone, not the law, can cleanse His people and make them holy.
YAHWEH-SHALOM [yah-way-shah-lohm]: "The Lord Our Peace" (Judges 6:24) – the name given by Gideon to the altar he built after the Angel of the Lord assured him he would not die as he thought he would after seeing Him.
YAHWEH-ELOHIM [yah-way-el-oh-him]: "LORD God" (Genesis 2:4; Psalm 59:5) – a combination of God’s unique name YHWH and the generic “Lord,” signifying that He is the Lord of Lords.
YAHWEH-TSIDKENU [yah-way-tzid-kay-noo]: "The Lord Our Righteousness” (Jeremiah 33:16) – As with YHWH-M’Kaddesh, it is God alone who provides righteousness (from the Hebrew word tsidkenu) to man, ultimately in the person of His Son, Jesus Christ, who became sin for us “that we might become the Righteousness of God in Him” (2 Corinthians 5:21).
YAHWEH-ROHI [yah-way-roh-hee]: "The Lord Our Shepherd" (Psalm 23:1) – After David pondered his relationship as a shepherd to his sheep, he realized that was exactly the relationship God had with him, and so he declares, “Yahweh-Rohi is my Shepherd. I shall not want” (Psalm 23:1).
YAHWEH-SHAMMAH [yah-way-sham-mahw]: "The Lord Is There” (Ezekiel 48:35) – the name ascribed to Jerusalem and the Temple there, indicating that the once-departed glory of the Lord (Ezekiel 8—11) had returned (Ezekiel 44:1-4).
YAHWEH-SABAOTH [yah-way-sah-bah-ohth]: "The Lord of Hosts" (Isaiah 1:24; Psalm 46:7) – Hosts means “hordes, or armies” both of angels and of men. He is Lord of the host of heaven and of the inhabitants of the earth, of Jews and Gentiles, of rich and poor, master and slave. The name is expressive of the majesty, power, and authority of God and shows that He is able to accomplish what He determines to do.
EL ELYON [el-el-yohn]: “Most High" (Deuteronomy 26:19) – derived from the Hebrew root for “go up” or “ascend,” so the implication is of that which is the very highest. El Elyon denotes exaltation and speaks of absolute right to lordship.
EL ROI [el-roh-ee]: "God of Seeing" (Genesis 16:13) – the name ascribed to God by Hagar, alone and desperate in the wilderness after being driven out by Sarah (Genesis 16:1-14). When Hagar met the Angel of the Lord, she realized she had seen God Himself in a theophany. She also realized that El Roi saw her in her distress and testified that He is a God who lives and sees all.
EL-OLAM [el-oh-lahm]: "Everlasting God" (Psalm 90:1-3) – God’s nature is without beginning or end, free from all constraints of time, and He contains within Himself the very cause of time itself. “From everlasting to everlasting, You are God.”
EL-GIBHOR [el-ghee-bohr]: “Mighty God” (Isaiah 9:6) – the name describing the Messiah, Christ Jesus, in this prophetic portion of Isaiah. As a powerful and mighty warrior, the Messiah, the Mighty God, will accomplish the destruction of God’s enemies and rule with a rod of iron (Revelation 19:15).
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Titles
for Jesus
Almighty One – “…who is and who was
and who is to come, the Almighty.” Rev. 1:8
Alpha and Omega – “I am the Alpha and the
Omega, the First and the Last, the Beginning and the End.” Rev. 22:13
Advocate – “My dear children, I write
this to you so that you will not sin. But if anybody does sin, we have an Advocate
with the Father--Jesus Christ, the Righteous One.” 1 John 2:1
Author and Perfecter of
Our Faith – “Fixing our eyes on Jesus, the Author and Perfecter of
faith, who for the joy set before Him endured the cross, despising the shame, and
has sat down at the right hand of the throne of God.” Heb. 12:2
Bread of Life – “Then Jesus declared,
‘I am the Bread of Life. Whoever comes to Me will never go hungry, and whoever
believes in Me will never be thirsty.’” John 6:35
Beloved Son of God – “And behold, a voice from
heaven said, “This is my Beloved Son, with whom I am well pleased.” Matt. 3:17
Bridegroom – “And Jesus said to
them, “Can the wedding guests mourn as long as the Bridegroom is with them? The
days will come when the Bridegroom is taken away from them, and then they will
fast.” Matt. 9:15
Chief Cornerstone – “The stone which the
builders rejected has become the Chief Cornerstone.” Ps. 118:22
Deliverer – “And to wait for his Son
from heaven, whom he raised from the dead, Jesus who delivers us from the wrath
to come.” 1 Thess.1:10
Faithful and True – “I saw heaven standing open
and there before me was a white horse, whose rider is called Faithful and True.
With justice He judges and wages war.” Rev.19:11
Good Shepherd - “I am the Good Shepherd.
The Good Shepherd lays down His life for the sheep.” John 10:11
Great High Priest – “Therefore, since we have a
Great High Priest who has passed through the heavens, Jesus the Son of God, let
us hold fast our confession.” Heb. 4:14
Head of the Church – “And he put all things under
his feet and gave him as Head over all things to the Church.” Eph. 1:22
Holy Servant – “…and grant that Your
bond-servants may speak Your word with all confidence, while You extend Your
hand to heal, and signs and wonders take place through the name of Your Holy Servant
Jesus." Acts 4:29-30
I Am – “Jesus said to them,
“Truly, truly, I say to you, before Abraham was, I AM.” John 8:58
Immanuel – “…She will give birth
to a son and will call him Immanuel, which means 'God with us.’” Is. 7:14
Indescribable Gift – “Thanks be to God for His
Indescribable Gift.” 2 Cor. 9:15
Judge – “…he is the one whom God
appointed as Judge of the living and the dead.” Acts 10:42
King of kings and Lord of
lords – “These will wage war
against the Lamb, and the Lamb will overcome them, because He is Lord of lords
and King of kings, and those who are with Him are the called and chosen and
faithful.” Rev. 17:14
Lamb of God – “The next day John saw
Jesus coming toward him and said, "Look, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the
world!” John 1:29
Light of the World – "I am the Light of the
World. Whoever follows Me will never walk in darkness, but will have the light
of life." John 8:12
Lion of the Tribe of Judah – “Weep no more; behold, the
Lion of the Tribe of Judah, the Root of David, has conquered, so that He can
open the scroll and its seven seals.” Rev. 5:5
Lord of All – “For this reason also, God
highly exalted Him, and bestowed on Him the name which is above every name, so
that at the name of Jesus every knee will bow, of those who are in heaven and
on earth and under the earth, and that every tongue will confess that Jesus
Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.” Phil. 2:9-11
Mediator – “For there is one God, and
one Mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus.” 1 Tim. 2:5
Messiah – “We have found the
Messiah" (that is, the Christ).” John 1:41
Mighty One – “Then you will know
that I, the Lord, am your Savior, your Redeemer, the Mighty One of Jacob.” Is.
60:16
Our Hope – “…Christ Jesus our Hope.”
1 Tim. 1:1
Our Peace – “For He Himself is Our Peace,
who has made the two groups one and has destroyed the barrier, the dividing
wall of hostility,” Eph. 2:14
Prophet – “And Jesus said to them, “A
prophet is not without honor, except in his hometown and among his relatives
and in his own household.” Mark 6:4
Redeemer – “And as for me, I know that
my Redeemer lives, and at the last He will take His stand on the earth.” Job
19:25
Risen Lord – “…that Christ died for our
sins according to the Scriptures, that He was buried, that He was raised on the
third day according to the Scriptures.” 1 Cor. 15:3-4
Rock – “For they drank from the
spiritual Rock that followed them, and the Rock was Christ.” 1 Cor. 10:4
Savior – “For unto you is born this
day in the city of David a Savior, who is Christ the Lord.” Luke 2:11
Son of Man – “For the Son of Man
came to seek and to save the lost." Luke 19:10
Son of the Most High – “He will be great and will
be called the Son of the Most High. The Lord God will give Him the throne of His
father David.” Luke 1:32
Resurrection and the Life – “Jesus said to her,
"I am the Resurrection and the Life. The one who believes in Me will live,
even though they die.” John 11:25
The Door – “I am the Door. If anyone
enters by Me, he will be saved and will go in and out and find pasture.” John
10:9
The Way, the Truth, and
the Life – “Jesus answered, "I am the Way and the Truth and the Life. No one comes
to the Father except through Me.” John 14:6; 8:32
The Word – “In the beginning was
the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.” John 1:1
True Vine - "I am the True Vine,
and My Father is the Vinedresser.” John 15:1
Wonderful Counselor,
Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace – “For to us a child is born,
to us a son is given, and the government will be on his shoulders. And he will
be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of
Peace.” Is. 9:6
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